Germany’s political landscape is witnessing a historic shift with the increasing influence of far-right ideologies. For decades, Germany has been known for its centrist and pro-European governance, but the recent surge of far-right politics—primarily led by the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)—has disrupted the status quo. This shift raises pressing questions about the future of democracy, immigration policies, and Germany’s role within the European Union (EU).

Understanding the Far-Right Resurgence in Germany

1. The Rise of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)

The Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) was founded in 2013 as a Eurosceptic party opposing Germany’s bailout policies during the Eurozone crisis. However, it has since evolved into a nationalist, anti-immigration party, gaining traction among voters dissatisfied with mainstream politics.

In the 2025 federal elections, the AfD secured around 20% of the vote, making it the second-largest party in the Bundestag—a historic achievement for a far-right party in post-war Germany. This milestone reflects deep-seated grievances within segments of the German population, particularly in the eastern states, where economic disparities and social discontent are more pronounced.

2. Factors Driving the Far-Right’s Popularity

Several factors have contributed to the rise of far-right politics in Germany:

A. Economic Disparities and Social Frustration

• While Germany is Europe’s largest economy, the wealth gap between eastern and western states remains significant.
• Many citizens in eastern Germany feel neglected by Berlin’s policies, leading to dissatisfaction with traditional parties.
• The AfD capitalizes on this frustration, presenting itself as the defender of the working class.

B. Immigration and National Identity

• Germany has witnessed a large influx of refugees and migrants, particularly from the Middle East and Africa.
• Right-wing parties have exploited fears of cultural change, crime, and economic strain to push an anti-immigrant narrative.
• The 2015 refugee crisis, where Germany accepted over a million asylum seekers, remains a central point of far-right discourse.

C. Political Disillusionment and Populist Appeal

• Many Germans believe that mainstream parties like the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Social Democratic Party (SPD) have failed to address real issues.
• The AfD’s anti-establishment rhetoric appeals to those who feel ignored by the political elite.
• Their messaging often includes nationalist slogans, anti-globalization sentiments, and Euroscepticism, resonating with voters looking for radical change.

Mainstream Political Response to the AfD’s Rise

The success of the far-right has forced Germany’s mainstream parties to rethink their strategies.

1. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Its Rightward Shift

• The CDU, led by Friedrich Merz, has toughened its stance on immigration and economic deregulation to appeal to conservative voters.
• Merz has categorically ruled out any coalition with the AfD, maintaining a political "firewall" against far-right normalization.

2. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Green Party’s Challenges

• The SPD and Greens, traditionally left-leaning, face a dilemma: how to counter the far-right while addressing voter concerns on immigration and economic stability.
• Their pro-EU and progressive policies have not resonated with working-class voters as effectively as expected.

Implications for Germany and the European Union

The growing influence of the far-right in Germany has significant domestic and international consequences:

1. Changes in Domestic Policies

• Stricter immigration controls and potential deportation policies could be introduced.
• The government may shift focus toward nationalist economic policies, reducing Germany’s dependence on EU-wide economic agreements.

2. Impact on the European Union

• Germany has historically been a stabilizing force within the EU, advocating for unity and integration.
• A stronger far-right presence could lead to more Eurosceptic policies, influencing Germany’s financial commitments to EU institutions.

3. International Relations and Foreign Policy

• Germany’s stance on global issues, NATO, and foreign aid could shift in response to domestic political pressures.
• Relations with France, the U.S., and other EU nations may be impacted by a more nationalist government approach.

What Lies Ahead? The Future of Far-Right Politics in Germany

The question remains: Will the far-right continue to grow, or is this a temporary political wave?

• Public Backlash and Protests: Many Germans oppose far-right extremism and have taken to the streets in mass protests against the AfD.
• Legal and Institutional Barriers: Germany’s post-war constitution has safeguards against extremist movements, and many legal challenges may arise against far-right policies.
• Voter Realignment: If mainstream parties adapt and address economic concerns more effectively, they may regain lost voter support.

Conclusion

The rise of the far-right in Germany marks a pivotal moment in the nation’s political history. While the AfD’s growing influence reflects genuine grievances among citizens, it also poses challenges to Germany’s democratic foundations and international commitments. The coming years will determine whether this shift solidifies into a long-term political transformation or remains a temporary phase driven by populist discontent.